Minia University, Faculty of Al-AlsunJournal of Languages and Translation2735-45208120210601Los procedimientos cinematográficos en La Fiesta del Chivo de Mario Vargas LlosaLos procedimientos cinematográficos en La Fiesta del Chivo de Mario Vargas Llosa12318312110.21608/jltmin.2021.183121ENMoshira MahmoudMousaDepartamento de Lengua Española, Universidad de Minia, EgiptoJournal Article20210710Las artes no son islas aisladas, sino que se influyen unas a otras. El ejemplo más evidente de esta intertextualidad es el caso de la literatura y el cine. Ambas formas artísticas mantienen un diálogo permanente, desde la introducción de la séptima arte en nuestra vida cultural. Son dos formas narrativas que disponen de sus propias técnicas. La novela de La fiesta del chivo del peruano Vargas Llosa que fue llevada al cine presenta unos rasgos cinematográficos que facilitaron su adaptación al cine. Sin embargo, las técnicas cinematográficas en una novela tienen que ver con la materia de expresión del filme (movimientos de cámara, montaje, etc.), y la terminología que al ser aplicada a la literatura se reseñará en términos metafóricos, pues lo que se traduce de un sistema a otro no es un procedimiento técnico, sino el sentido cuyo empleo puede generarse en el filme. Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de enfocar los procedimientos cinematográficos utilizados por Llosa al escribir su texto narrativo.Art forms are not isolated islands, they are rather connected and influence each other. The most obvious example of this intertextuality is the case of literature and cinema. Both artistic forms maintain a permanent dialogue, since the introduction of the seventh art into our cultural life. They are two narrative forms that have their own techniques. The Peruvian novelist Mario Vargas Llosa’s <em>The Feast of the Goat</em> (<em>La Fiesta del Chivo</em>), which was made into a film, presents some cinematographic features that facilitated its adaptation to the cinema. However, the cinematographic techniques in a novel have to do with the matter of expression of the film (camera movements, montage, etc.), and the terminology, when applied to literature, will be rendered in metaphorical terms since what is translated from one art form to another is not a technical procedure, but the meaning whose use can be generated in the film.https://jltmin.journals.ekb.eg/article_183121_7848607fbec5a4aabc75c82a52a41381.pdfMinia University, Faculty of Al-AlsunJournal of Languages and Translation2735-45208120210601La literatura de migración entre la chicana y la fronterizaLa literatura de migración entre la chicana y la fronteriza243918312210.21608/jltmin.2021.183122ENFatema MohamedEl ShamlyFacultad de Al-Alsun, Universidad de Kafrelsheikh, EgiptoJournal Article20210710La literatura chicana y la literatura fronteriza disfrutan, hoy en día, de una notable difusión debido al gran número de emigración por parte de los ciudadanos de países de América Latina a los Estados Unidos. Por eso, muchos estudios consideran a estos dos tipos de literatura como una manifestación cultural. El objetivo principal de este artículo es acercarnos a dichos movimientos haciendo hincapié en su denominación, surgimiento y rasgos generales. También pretendemos identificar las diferencias que existen entre la escritura chicana y la escritura fronteriza, <em>presentando</em> como modelos <em>El corrido de Dante, </em>de Eduardo Gonzales Viaña y <em>La frontera de cristal, </em>deCarlos Fuentes.Owing to the great demographic changes that are now taking place in the world, Czech literature and border literature have recently become the focus of many studies. This is precisely due to the endless number of Latinos immigrating to the US for many reasons; either they might immigrate for political reasons, or for social reasons such as the desire to improve their standard of living, believing that the US is the dreamland where all problems are solved. This phenomenon has affected both societies, the homeland of immigrants and their recipient as well as the literature written by both of them. Accordingly, we cannot address the issue of Latin immigration to the US without presenting these two types of literature (Czech and border literature). Hence, this paper is aimed at studying this type of literature and the characteristics it displays that make it apt to belong to both Czech and border literature. The paper also presents the origin and reasons for naming both Czech literature and border literature, the distinguishing features of each, how each type originated, where and when it appeared, and identifying the differences between them. To do so, the two novels. Eduardo González Viaña’s <em>Dante’s Ballad </em>and Carlos Fuentes’s <em>The Crystal Frontier </em>have been chosen as models. <br /> https://jltmin.journals.ekb.eg/article_183122_38ad5637d5cf820b05cf9968ed05cfac.pdfMinia University, Faculty of Al-AlsunJournal of Languages and Translation2735-45208120210601Kulturelle Vielfalt und Integration im Roman «Zafira, ein Mädchen aus Syrien» von Ursel SchefflerKulturelle Vielfalt und Integration im Roman «Zafira, ein Mädchen aus Syrien» von Ursel Scheffler405718312310.21608/jltmin.2021.183123ENIhab Mokhtar KhalafAbdel-HafizDoktorand, Minia Universität, ÄgyptenJournal Article20210710Obwohl interkulturelles Lernen als eine selbstverständliche Antwort auf die moderne, transkulturelle Gesellschaft betrachtet werden kann, erlangte das Thema der/die „Andere“ / „Fremde“, im Zusammenhang mit der Flüchtlingswelle von 2015 in Deutschland, zusätzlich an Aktualität. Die Koexistenz der verschiedenen Kulturen in den Klassen ist für die LehrerInnen, Kinder der Aufnahmegesellschaft und die Flüchtlingskinder eine Herausforderung. Zur Thematisierung dieser neuen Situation im Klassenverband bietet sich interkulturelle und problemorientierte Kinderliteratur an. Kulturelle Fremdheit, Krieg und Flucht wurden in diversen zeitgenössischen Werken namhafter Kinderbuchautoren aufgenommen und kindgerecht erzählt. Literarische Eindrücke ermöglichen, die eigene Sichtweise auf die Welt zu erweitern und facettenreich deuten zu lernen. Literatur hilft jungen Rezipienten, sich in dem kulturell heterogenen Alltag besser orientieren zu können. Durch das Lesen von Büchern können Kinder die Welt aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln entdecken. Literarische Werke fördern ihre Vorstellungskraft, Fantasie und unterstützten die Rezipienten bei ihrer Entwicklung von Empathie. Dies gilt nicht nur für Bücher, sondern generell für Literatur im weitesten Sinne. Im Handel sind teilweise Begleithefte zu dieser themenspezifischen Kinderliteratur vorhanden. Sie beinhalten für Lehrpersonen viele Vorschläge, wie das angesprochene Motiv mit Übungen und Aktivitäten vertieft werden kann. Es ist wichtig, diese Lektüren mit viel Bedacht auszuwählen. Vorurteile, und Rassismus sind die „schlimmsten Feinde“ der Integration.Although intercultural learning can be seen as a natural answer to the modern multicultural society, the topic of “the other” / “the foreigner” is becoming more relevant in connection with the 2015 refugee wave in Germany. According to UNICEF estimates, Germany took in more than 300,000 Syrian refugee children that year alone, most of whom were later divided into regular classes in various federal states. The coexistence of different cultures in the classroom is a challenge for teachers and children in the host community as well as refugee children. Multicultural and problem-oriented children's literature can be used to address this new situation in the classroom. Cultural alienation, war, and escape have been addressed in many contemporary works by famous children's book authors and told in a simple way for children. Literary impressions enable you to expand your own perspective on the world and learn to interpret it in a multifaceted way. Literature helps young recipients orient themselves better in culturally heterogeneous everyday life. By reading books, children can discover the world from different angles. Literary works stimulate their imaginations and support recipients in developing empathy. Books of children's literature on this topic are sometimes available in stores. They contain many suggestions for teachers on how to deepen the said motivation with exercises and activities. It is important to choose such readings carefully. Prejudice and racism are the “worst enemies” of integration. <br /> https://jltmin.journals.ekb.eg/article_183123_ddb90edf13ba95da0d1dc098eb15f78d.pdfMinia University, Faculty of Al-AlsunJournal of Languages and Translation2735-45208120210601Self-Transformations in Life Outside the Brackets: A Reading of Said Al-Serihi’s AutobiographySelf-Transformations in Life Outside the Brackets: A Reading of Said Al-Serihi’s Autobiography588318312410.21608/jltmin.2021.183124ENLatifah AyidhAlbaqamiTaif University, KSAJournal Article20210710This paper aims to study Said Al-Serihi’s autobiography <em>Life Outside the Brackets</em> that is considered a new phase of cultural, intellectual, and social awareness in Saudi Arabia. The motives behind writing this autobiography according to Al-Serihi are first discussed, followed by exploring 1) the importance of self-awareness and self-transformations as an incentive for writing the autobiography and 2) the different stages of self-awareness through studying the manifestations of self-transformations and the intellectual controversy that was related to the notion of identity in the text. In doing so, the researcher tackles the following terms: alienation, splitting, and the tragedy of self and the collective sense. Additionally, the narrative construction of <em>Life Outside the Brackets</em> is explored, which is based on various narrative techniques including linguistic levels (direct, poetic, and mythological), time movement (accelerating the narrative via deletion and overview, and slowing it down via dialogue scenes and the descriptive pauses), and place (familiar and monotonous places). The analytical-descriptive approach is utilized to investigate the narrative techniques, and some of the psychological theories are made use of to study the self-transformations and their ideological and psychological struggle in the autobiography’s setting.<br /> This paper aims to study Said Al-Serihi’s autobiography <em>Life Outside the Brackets</em> that is considered a new phase of cultural, intellectual, and social awareness in Saudi Arabia. The motives behind writing this autobiography according to Al-Serihi are first discussed, followed by exploring 1) the importance of self-awareness and self-transformations as an incentive for writing the autobiography and 2) the different stages of self-awareness through studying the manifestations of self-transformations and the intellectual controversy that was related to the notion of identity in the text. In doing so, the researcher tackles the following terms: alienation, splitting, and the tragedy of self and the collective sense. Additionally, the narrative construction of <em>Life Outside the Brackets</em> is explored, which is based on various narrative techniques including linguistic levels (direct, poetic, and mythological), time movement (accelerating the narrative via deletion and overview, and slowing it down via dialogue scenes and the descriptive pauses), and place (familiar and monotonous places). The analytical-descriptive approach is utilized to investigate the narrative techniques, and some of the psychological theories are made use of to study the self-transformations and their ideological and psychological struggle in the autobiography’s setting. <br /> https://jltmin.journals.ekb.eg/article_183124_1e8510ec48f656d6c7a810262bb2b7e2.pdfMinia University, Faculty of Al-AlsunJournal of Languages and Translation2735-45208120210601L’italianizzazione del siciliano nei Malavoglia tra la chiarezza del testo e la traduzione in araboL’italianizzazione del siciliano nei Malavoglia tra la chiarezza del testo e la traduzione in arabo8410118312510.21608/jltmin.2021.183125ENAbdelrahman Sayed AbdelazizAbdelhaleemStudente di Master’s Degree, Università di Minia, EgittoJournal Article20210711Lo scopo della presente ricerca è, in primo luogo, quello di presentare lo scrittore ottocentesco Giovanni Verga in una prospettiva diversa e insolita. Verga è generalmente considerato il maggior esponente del verismo italiano. In effetti pronunciando il suo nome, nella maggior parte dei casi sorgono in mente quasi automaticamente i titoli delle sue opere dell’impronta puramente verista, quali per esempio la celebre raccolta di racconti <em>Vita dei campi</em>, oppure i romanzi <em>I Malavoglia</em> e <em>Mastro Don Gesualdo</em>.<br /> Una delle manifestazioni più sperimentali e virtuosistiche di questa tecnica narrativa profondamente originale è quella che Verga definiva il “colore locale” nel linguaggio della narrazione, un linguaggio popolare. Non si tratta di una riproduzione fedele del dialetto siciliano locale (che sarebbe risultato incomprensibile per quasi tutti i lettori), ma di una sorta di italiano popolare, ben lontano dalla lingua letteraria e dalla lingua della prosa colta, che riecheggia continuamente il linguaggio parlato e dialettale, soprattutto nel lessico (ad esempio attraverso i citati riferimenti e le similitudini di ambito locale, oppure attraverso i nomignoli dei personaggi, i proverbi esplicitamente citati e le espressioni proverbiali) e nella sintassi, che è colloquiale e libera, ‘scorretta’ rispetto alla grammatica dell’italiano scritto, proprio per imitare il più possibile il parlato. Si tratta insomma di una lingua artificiale, che ottiene tuttavia uno straordinario effetto di realtà, e che riesce a rendere alla perfezione il colore locale, pur senza trasformarsi in una trascrizione letterale del dialetto. La ricerca affronta anche le ambiguità semantiche tra il senso originale del siciliano e il corrispondente italiano. Parla, inoltre, di come è la traduzione in arabo; di come ha reagito il traduttore davanti questa lingua originale e di come ha compreso le ambiguità presenti nei <em>Malavoglia</em>.This paper is aimed at presenting Giovanni Verga from an unconventional point of view. Verga is considered the greatest proponent of Italian realism (Verismo); and once his name is mentioned, titles of realist works arise spontaneously, including <em>Malavoglia</em> and <em>Mastro Don Gesualdo</em>. Verga’s ability to form a kind of creative mediation by imitating the Italian character of the Sicilian dialect in <em>Malavoglia</em> is discussed. The writer used dialectal Italian rather than classical literary Italian. <em>Malavoglia</em> is a novel that perfectly fits into the literary and artistic current of Italian realism; its language is concerned with Sicilian traditions, folk sayings, manners and habits of that period in this region of Italy. In addition, how far the writer was successful in this creative language and whether there was any lack of clarity is explored. Verga’s stylistic and narrative revolution is also examined in relation to its translation in Arabic. <br /> https://jltmin.journals.ekb.eg/article_183125_a14b7f70d5e2f378f61e967e49c6b439.pdfMinia University, Faculty of Al-AlsunJournal of Languages and Translation2735-45208120210601Il genere grammaticale in italiano tra logica e realtà linguisticaIl genere grammaticale in italiano tra logica e realtà linguistica10211718312610.21608/jltmin.2021.183126ENSafaa Zaher FawzyAbdelwdoodStudentessa di Master’s Degree, Università di Minia, EgittoJournal Article20210711Sebbene lo studio delle lingue implichi che la lingua funzioni secondo una logica speciale nella sua struttura e nella sua grammatica, questa logica a volte non concorda con la logica mentale. Il genere grammaticale si considera, perciò, uno dei fenomeni ambigui nella linguistica. Le lingue differiscono notevolmente nella loro visione rispetto al genere. Troviamo lingue che non distinguono il genere come ľinglese; altre distinguono soltanto un maschile e un femminile come le lingue romanze; in altre lingue come in swahili si distinguono numerose classi di nomi . La lingua italiana è una delle lingue che nella sua struttura è apparso molto il fenomeno di genere, dato che la sua morfologia è molto complicata: una volta che conociuta una regola, siamo sorpresi dalle eccezioni. Il presente studio ha lo scopo di concentrare l’attenzione sulla relazione tra il genere grammaticale e la logica nella classficazione e nella assegnazione del genere in italiano, cioè: C'è una relazione tra il nome e ciò a cui si riferisce? O ľoggetto è tradizionale?Even though studying languages implies that they follow a specific logic in their structure and grammar, this sometimes does not correspond to rational logic. Hence, the issue of grammatical gender is one of the ambiguous linguistic phenomena, as it is viewed differently by languages. Some languages do not have grammatical gender, such as English; some divide nouns into masculine and feminine, such as the Romance languages; and in other languages, such as Swahili, nouns are classified into multiple categories. Among these languages is Italian, which has grammatical gender that makes it more complex to the point that there is an exception to every grammatical rule. The current study aims to find out whether the phenomenon of grammatical gender in Italian follows logic in classifying words and determining their gender, i.e., is there a compatibility between the noun and what it refers to? Or is it traditional and has nothing to do with logic? <br /> https://jltmin.journals.ekb.eg/article_183126_568ecc08914afef961ec4ca6756f1bad.pdf